---

mount attaches a filesystem to the directory tree. Essential for accessing disks, partitions, network shares, and other storage devices.

---

Basic Usage

• mount - List all mounted filesystems

• mount /dev/sda1 /mnt - Mount device

• mount -t type /dev/sda1 /mnt - Specify filesystem type

• umount /mnt - Unmount filesystem

• umount -l /mnt - Lazy unmount

---

Common Options

• -t type - Filesystem type (ext4, ntfs, vfat, etc.)

• -o options - Mount options (comma-separated)

• -a - Mount all filesystems in /etc/fstab

• -r - Mount read-only

• -w - Mount read-write

• -v - Verbose output

• -n - Don't write to /etc/mtab

• -f - Fake mount (don't actually mount)

• -l - Show labels

• -h - Show help

---

Mount Options

• ro - Read-only

• rw - Read-write

• noexec - Don't allow execution

• nosuid - Ignore setuid bits

• nodev - Don't interpret device files

• sync - Synchronous I/O

• async - Asynchronous I/O

• atime - Update access time

• noatime - Don't update access time

• relatime - Relative access time

• remount - Remount filesystem

• bind - Bind mount

• loop - Loop device

• user - Allow users to mount

• users - Allow any user to mount/unmount

• nouser - Only root can mount

• defaults - Default options (rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,async)

---

Common Examples

List Mounts

mount

Show all mounted filesystems.

Mount Device

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

Mount partition to directory.

Mount with Type

mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt

Specify filesystem type.

Mount Read-Only

mount -r /dev/sda1 /mnt

Mount as read-only.

Mount with Options

mount -o ro,noexec /dev/sda1 /mnt

Mount with specific options.

Bind Mount

mount --bind /old/path /new/path

Create bind mount.

Mount Loop Device

mount -o loop image.iso /mnt

Mount ISO file.

Remount

mount -o remount,ro /mnt

Remount with new options.

Mount All

mount -a

Mount all filesystems from /etc/fstab.

Unmount

umount /mnt

Unmount filesystem.

---

Filesystem Types

• ext2, ext3, ext4 - Linux extended filesystems

• xfs - XFS filesystem

• btrfs - Btrfs filesystem

• vfat, fat32 - FAT filesystems

• ntfs - NTFS filesystem

• iso9660 - CD/DVD filesystem

• nfs - Network File System

• cifs, smbfs - SMB/CIFS filesystem

• tmpfs - Temporary filesystem

• proc - Proc filesystem

• sysfs - Sysfs filesystem

• devtmpfs - Device filesystem

---

Tips

• Use mount to list current mounts

• Use -t to specify filesystem type

• Use -o for mount options

• Use umount to unmount (not unmount)

• Use -l for lazy unmount if busy

• Check /etc/fstab for permanent mounts

• Essential for disk management

• Use mount -a to mount all from fstab